Ageing and Society

 Human ageing as well as the social and cultural situations of older people are studied in depth in this multidisciplinary and multilingual magazine, Ageing & Society. There are contributions and readers from a variety of fields, such as the humanities as well as the social sciences, demography, psychology, finance, medicine, and other health-related specialties. Businesses engaged to CS&R should be aware of the consequences of an ageing population (Bai, 2014). For businesses, this is very much like the disability problem that arose around 15 to 20 years ago. When it comes to CS&R, dealing with demographic change is just as important as dealing with other aspects. It's both a business and a moral need. And if it's properly handled, it may provide a competitive edge as well as new business opportunities.

Employers will increasingly draw from a pool that includes people above the age of conventional retirement age. As a result of this, there are a variety of possible outcomes. When mandatory pension is phased out and the retirement ages rise, companies will need to give more flexible work options like part-time and seasonal work, job sharing, sabbaticals and the ability to move people out of line-management positions and into lower-paying positions without losing their social status inside the organisation as the workforce ages The demise of many final-salary pension programmes may, unwittingly, facilitate such behaviours (Westerhof, 2007).  Older workers must also be protected against discrimination, either because of ignorance and prejudice or because of a lack of opportunities and suitable skills.

Asda and B&Q, among others, have pioneered greater flexible working conditions for older employees in the HONG KONG. In terms of profitability, absenteeism, and customer happiness, this has been a success (Peace, 1993). In order to get the most out of your elder staff, you'll need to be innovative. With Christoph Loch, director of technology management at Insead and co-author of an article article in the Harvard Business Review, we examine what occurred when the automotive giant BMW chose to staff one of its manufacturing lines with employees of an age that would be normal in 2017. Initial results were less impressive when using "the pensioners' line." However, the factory was brought up to par with the rest of the plant by implementing 70 minor adjustments, including new seats, comfier shoes, magnifying glasses, and adjustable tables.

Managing four at the same moment will be a problem for many businesses. As a result of this, there is the potential for contradictory expectations, issues in communication as well as divergent approaches to problem resolution and creativity. As a consequence of these societal conflicts, the obstacles of breaking down the glass ceilings imposed by gender and race may soon be outstripped.

As John Elkington, Charmian Love of Volans, and I argue in a recent article for the Second Half Network, there are chances to pioneer new types of reciprocal mentorship between baby boomers and generation Years. It's time to go beyond the usual one-way flow of information from more senior employees to more junior ones. The elder spouse will need to learn new skills, such as how to utilise social media as well as other new communication technologies, and how to incorporate sustainability into their work.

A senior executive's expertise, skills and relationships may be transferred while guaranteeing that cultural memory is preserved. Generation Xy managers who are ready to take on more responsibility may rely on them for advice on how to translate their lofty goals into practical and meaningful actions.

In order to define elder managers stepping down from executive roles and instead serving as non-executive advisors and counsellors, new terminology will be required. To avoid the appearance of senior personnel being shunned, organisations and individuals alike will need to adopt new attitudes and processes to guarantee that they are gladly taking on new and meaningful responsibilities.

The average population age is rising in numerous nations, including Japan and Russia. Although most people believe that it is detrimental to society, there are some advantages to this. Some of the consequences of ageing on a nation will be examined in this article.

Many societal responsibilities shift as a population ages. To begin with, there may well be fewer young individuals available to assist in caring for ageing relatives. Family connections may suffer as a result of this. Elderly adults may also need to be cared for in nursing facilities. Work is impacted as well. Older people may not be interested in physically demanding employment or low-paying positions. This might lead to a labour shortage, necessitating the importation of foreign employees to fill the resulting vacancies. It also has an impact on the government's budget. The treatment of ailments including cancer, diabetes, and heart disease may take precedence over funding for K-12 education and postsecondary education.

It's important to note that not all of the impacts are bad. However, despite the claims of some that older individuals lack fresh ideas, older workers may be incredibly productive and efficient, which can enable firms to prosper. As a result of decreased rivalry for employment and other necessities, there will be less crime in the community as a whole (Coleman, 2016). There are others who fear how an older society would be more traditional and reliant on the past. There is also the possibility that this may lead to an even more empathetic and materialistic society. Because of an ageing population, there may be a need for babysitters to care for youngsters. In addition, if schools and universities were less crowded, youngsters might get a better education.

For this reason, it is usually preferable for a community to be well-balanced among its various age groups. Although demographic changes are inevitable, we must be prepared for them in order to ensure that our people, young and old, have the finest opportunity.

History of sociology, both its theories and outstanding proponents

Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès (1748–1836) invented the word sociology in an unpublished paper in 1780. Auguste Comte (1798–1857) re-invented the word in 1838. Claude Henri de Starts to rotate Comte de Saint-Simon (1760–1825), a social philosopher, was a mentor to Comte when he was studying to be an engineer. Scientific techniques may be used to analyse society by social scientists, they both believed. Comte also thought that social scientists had the ability to help improve society via their work. He argued that sociologists would be able to solve issues like low education and poverty if they had a better understanding of society's rules (Szmigin, 2000). Comte used the term positivism to describe the empirical study of the social phenomena. In a series of works titled The Course of Philosophy (1830–1842) and A Comprehensive View of Positivism, he explained his philosophy (1848). A new "positivist" era, he reasoned, would dawn if social and individual interactions could be studied scientifically. Sociologists still think that their work has a beneficial influence, even though the discipline and its language have evolved.

Harriet Martineau (1802–1876)—the First Woman Sociologist

Harriet Martineau was indeed a prolific social science writer who tackled a broad variety of topics. When she was a young woman she was a keen observer of the social customs of her day. These included economics and social class as well as religion and suicide. First published in 1931, Illustrations of Economics and politics was an attempt to teach the general public about the fundamentals of economics (Szmigin, 2000).

First, Martineau translated Comte's work from French to English, and so introduced criminology to English-speaking academics (Hill 1991). Her most renowned sociological books, Society in America and Retrospect on Western Travel, are recognized with the first comprehensive scientific comparable countries of social systems (1838). Because capitalism's practises conflicted with the country's self-declared moral beliefs, Martineau criticised the free-market system for the way workers were mistreated and impoverished while company owners became rich. She also pointed out that the concept that all people are created equal was at odds with the absence of women's rights in the United States. Martineau, like Mary Wollstonecraft, was largely overlooked by the male-dominated academic sociology of her day.

Outline the contemporary issues, especially the differences in contemporary theorists 

Social exchange theory, interactionism, Feministsm, Ethnomethodology Phenomenology Structuration theory Poststructuralism Globalization theory Postmodernism are some of the ideas that are included in this list.

Analyze contemporary issues and social problems in terms of determinants and influencing factors.

Neurobiological pathways and long-term ramifications for mental health may be profoundly affected by social circumstances, especially those experienced early in life, such as parental care. Genetic and environmental influences have a significant role in the development of the human brain. Epigenetic research in behaviour is shedding light on processes by which past experiences might be "biologically ingrained," impacting future behavioural adjustments in response to new stimuli (Powell, 2007).  Epigenetic research using rat models and human cohorts to study the impact of social variables on behavioural and mental health outcomes are discussed in this chapter. We will examine how modern high-throughput technologies are altering the nature of the questions raised and the solutions revealed in this developing subject.

Develop effective strategies in handling social problems.

'Issue solving in real life' might be another name for social problem solving. An academic approach of defining the systems and procedures that we utilise in our daily lives to solve difficulties is what I'm referring to.

In order to be considered 'social', an issue must not just be one that can be solved with the help of others, or one that we believe was created by others. When we talk about real-world issues, we use the term "real life" to describe them. See The Significance of Mindset; Thinking that issues can be solved for additional information on this. It's necessary to utilize tactics of positive thoughts; thinking that you are capable of solving issues, which is at least to some extent a feature of self-confidence. This is an aspect of mentality (McHugh, 2003). Recognizing that good issue resolution takes time and effort, which may need a certain level of fortitude; and inspiring yourself to tackle problems right away rather than pushing them off. It is difficult for those who struggle with positive issue orientation to see difficulties as insurmountable hurdles, or a danger to their well-being, distrust their own capacity to manage problems, and feel annoyed or angry when they confront challenges.

References:

Bai, X. (2014). Images of ageing in society: A literature review. Journal of Population Ageing, 7(3), 231-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-014-9103-x

Bond, J. E., Peace, S. E., Dittmann-Kohli, F. E., & Westerhof, G. J. (2007). Ageing in society: European perspectives on gerontology. Sage Publications Ltd. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-05772-000

Bond, J., Coleman, P., & Peace, S. M. (Eds.). (1993). Ageing in society: an introduction to social gerontology. Sage. https://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=XzfpDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR6&dq=Ageing+and+Society

Lodge, C., Carnell, E., & Coleman, M. (2016). The new age of ageing: How society needs to change. Policy Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x05004666

Carrigan, M., & Szmigin, I. (2000). Advertising in an ageing society. Ageing & Society, 20(2), 217-233. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x99007709

Milligan, C. (2016). There's no place like home: Place and care in an ageing society. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040658

Cook, I. G., & Powell, J. L. (2007). Ageing urban society: discourse and policy. In China's Emerging Cities (pp. 144-160). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040658

McHugh, K. E. (2003). Three faces of ageism: society, image and place. Ageing & Society, 23(2), 165-185. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040658